# 记录：安装 Intel® OneAPI-2024.0
Intel one API 由两个部分组成，前者为基础 Base Toolkit ，后者必须依赖前者，Intel one API HPC Toolkit，也就是要前后依次安装。
# Base Toolkit
Base Toolkit 是 Intel 的一个 API 基础工具包包括以下库和其他库
Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler
Intel® DPC++ Compatibility Tool
Intel® oneAPI DPC++ Library
Intel® oneAPI Math Kernel Library
Intel® oneAPI Threading Building Blocks
Intel® oneAPI Collective Communications Library
Intel® oneAPI Data Analytics Library
Intel® oneAPI Deep Neural Networks Library
Intel® Integrated Performance Primitives
Intel® VTune™ Profiler
Intel® Advisor
Intel® Distribution for GDB*
Intel® Distribution for Python* (separate download required)
Intel® FPGA Add-on for oneAPI Base Toolkit (separate download required)
# Base Toolkit 安装
- 下载安装包
$ wget https://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/IRC_NAS/163da6e4-56eb-4948-aba3-debcec61c064/l_BaseKit_p_2024.0.1.46_offline.sh
- 安装
$ chmod +x l_BaseKit_p_2024.0.1.46_offline.sh
$ sudo ./l_BaseKit_p_2024.0.1.46_offline.sh
- 如果自定义安装在用户目录，就不需要 root 权限
./l_BaseKit_p_2024.0.1.46_offline.sh
然后将启动一个图形安装界面，继续操作：
（1）选择 Accept & customize
（2）选择安装的组件
（3）选择安装的路径
（4）选择 Next
（5）选择 2 然后开始安装
接下来等待安装完成即可。
# HPC Toolkit
运行基于 Base Toolkit ，这个必须作为后者安装
Intel® Fortran Compiler
Intel® Fortran Compiler Classic
Intel® Inspector
Intel® MPI Library
Intel® Trace Analyzer and Collector
# HPC Toolkit 安装
- 下载安装包
$ wget https://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/IRC_NAS/67c08c98-f311-4068-8b85-15d79c4f277a/l_HPCKit_p_2024.0.1.38_offline.sh
- 安装
$ chmod +x l_HPCKit_p_2024.0.1.38_offline.sh
$ sudo ./l_HPCKit_p_2024.0.1.38_offline.sh
- 如果自定义安装在用户目录，就不需要 root 权限
./l_HPCKit_p_2024.0.1.38_offline.sh
必须安装的库文件： Intel® MPI Library Intel® Fortran Compiler (Beta) & Intel® Fortran Compiler Classic Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler & Intel® C++ Compiler Classic
安装过程与 Base Toolkit 类似，不再赘述。
# 环境配置
安装完成后，需要配置环境变量，以便在终端中使用 Intel® oneAPI 工具。
在 HPC 环境中，使用 modulefile 来管理环境变量，可以使用 module 命令来加载环境变量。
以下是参考的 modulefile 文件，可以根据自己的安装路径进行修改。
#%Module1.0#####################################################################
##
## modules modulefile
##
proc ModulesHelp { } {
global version prefix
puts stderr "\tmodules - loads the modules software & application environment"
puts stderr "\n\tThis adds $prefix/* to several of the"
puts stderr "\tenvironment variables."
puts stderr "\n\tVersion $version\n"
}
module-whatis "loads intel/oneapi2024.0"
# for Tcl script use only
set version oneapi2024.0
set prefix /opt/software/intel/oneapi2024.0
conflict intel
prepend-path TBBROOT ${prefix}/tbb/2021.11/env/..
prepend-path DAALROOT ${prefix}/cdal/2024.0
prepend-path DPCT_BUNDLE_ROOT ${prefix}/dpcpp-ct/2024.0
prepend-path INSPECTOR_2023_DIR ${prefix}/inspector/2024.0
prepend-path ONEAPI_ROOT ${prefix}
prepend-path PKG_CONFIG_PATH ${prefix}/vtune/2024.0/include/pkgconfig/lib64:${prefix}/tbb/2021.11/env/../lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/mpi/2021.11/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/mkl/2024.0/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/ippcp/2021.9/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/inspector/2024.0/include/pkgconfig/lib64:${prefix}/dpl/2022.3/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/dnnl/2024.0/cpu_dpcpp_gpu_dpcpp/../lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/cdal/2024.0/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/ccl/2021.11/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/advisor/2024.0/include/pkgconfig/lib64:
#prepend-path PKG_CONFIG_PATH ${prefix}/vtune/2024.0/include/pkgconfig/lib64:${prefix}/tbb/2021.11/env/../lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/mkl/2024.0/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/ippcp/2021.9/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/inspector/2024.0/include/pkgconfig/lib64:${prefix}/dpl/2022.3/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/dnnl/2024.0/cpu_dpcpp_gpu_dpcpp/../lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/cdal/2024.0/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/ccl/2021.11/lib/pkgconfig:${prefix}/advisor/2024.0/include/pkgconfig/lib64:
prepend-path VT_MPI impi4
prepend-path ACL_BOARD_VENDOR_PATH /opt/Intel/OpenCLFPGA/oneAPI/Boards
prepend-path FPGA_VARS_DIR ${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/oclfpga
prepend-path CCL_ROOT ${prefix}/ccl/2021.11
prepend-path VT_ADD_LIBS "-ldwarf -lelf -lvtunwind -lm -lpthread"
prepend-path I_MPI_ROOT ${prefix}/mpi/2021.11
prepend-path FI_PROVIDER_PATH ${prefix}/mpi/2021.11//libfabric/lib/prov:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libfabric
prepend-path DNNLROOT ${prefix}/dnnl/2024.0/cpu_dpcpp_gpu_dpcpp
prepend-path DIAGUTIL_PATH ${prefix}/vtune/2024.0/sys_check/vtune_sys_check.py:${prefix}/dpcpp-ct/2024.0/sys_check/sys_check.sh:${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/sys_check/debugger_sys_check.py:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/sys_check/sys_check.sh:${prefix}/advisor/2024.0/sys_check/advisor_sys_check.py:
prepend-path CCL_CONFIGURATION cpu_gpu_dpcpp
prepend-path DPL_ROOT ${prefix}/dpl/2022.3
prepend-path MANPATH ${prefix}/mpi/2021.11/man:${prefix}/itac/2022.0/man:${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/documentation/man:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/documentation/en/man/common:::
#prepend-path MANPATH ${prefix}/itac/2022.0/man:${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/documentation/man:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/documentation/en/man/common:::
prepend-path GDB_INFO ${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/documentation/info/
prepend-path SETVARS_COMPLETED 1
prepend-path APM ${prefix}/advisor/2024.0/perfmodels
prepend-path CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH ${prefix}/tbb/2021.11/env/..:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/lib/cmake/ipp:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/lib/cmake/ipp:${prefix}/dnnl/2024.0/cpu_dpcpp_gpu_dpcpp/../lib/cmake:${prefix}/cdal/2024.0:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/IntelDPCPP:${prefix}/ccl/2021.11/lib/cmake/oneCCL
prepend-path VTUNE_PROFILER_2023_DIR ${prefix}/vtune/2024.0
prepend-path CMPLR_ROOT ${prefix}/compiler/2024.0
prepend-path ADVISOR_2023_DIR ${prefix}/advisor/2024.0
prepend-path FPGA_VARS_ARGS ""
prepend-path INFOPATH ${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/gdb/intel64/lib
prepend-path IPPROOT ${prefix}/ipp/2021.10
prepend-path IPP_TARGET_ARCH intel64
prepend-path PYTHONPATH ${prefix}/advisor/2024.0/pythonapi
prepend-path VT_ROOT ${prefix}/itac/2022.0
prepend-path DALROOT ${prefix}/cdal/2024.0
prepend-path LIBRARY_PATH ${prefix}/tbb/2021.11/env/../lib/intel64/gcc4.8:${prefix}/mpi/2021.11//libfabric/lib:${prefix}/mpi/2021.11//lib/release:${prefix}/mpi/2021.11//lib:${prefix}/mkl/2024.0/lib/intel64:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/lib/intel64:${prefix}/ippcp/2021.9/lib/intel64:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/lib/intel64:${prefix}/dnnl/2024.0/cpu_dpcpp_gpu_dpcpp/lib:${prefix}/cdal/2024.0/lib/intel64:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/compiler/lib/intel64_lin:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib:${prefix}/ccl/2021.11/lib/cpu_gpu_dpcpp
#prepend-path LIBRARY_PATH ${prefix}/tbb/2021.11/env/../lib/intel64/gcc4.8:${prefix}/mkl/2024.0/lib/intel64:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/lib/intel64:${prefix}/ippcp/2021.9/lib/intel64:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/lib/intel64:${prefix}/dnnl/2024.0/cpu_dpcpp_gpu_dpcpp/lib:${prefix}/cdal/2024.0/lib/intel64:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/compiler/lib/intel64_lin:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib:${prefix}/ccl/2021.11/lib/cpu_gpu_dpcpp
prepend-path DAL_MAJOR_BINARY 1
prepend-path IPPCRYPTOROOT ${prefix}/ippcp/2021.9
prepend-path IPPCP_TARGET_ARCH intel64
prepend-path OCL_ICD_FILENAMES libintelocl_emu.so:libalteracl.so:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/x64/libintelocl.so
prepend-path CLASSPATH ${prefix}/mpi/2021.11//lib/mpi.jar:${prefix}/cdal/2024.0/lib/onedal.jar
#prepend-path CLASSPATH ${prefix}/cdal/2024.0/lib/onedal.jar
prepend-path INTELFPGAOCLSDKROOT ${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/oclfpga
prepend-path LD_LIBRARY_PATH ${prefix}/tbb/2021.11/env/../lib/intel64/gcc4.8:${prefix}/mpi/2021.11//libfabric/lib:${prefix}/mpi/2021.11//lib/release:${prefix}/mpi/2021.11//lib:${prefix}/mkl/2024.0/lib/intel64:${prefix}/itac/2022.0/slib:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/lib/intel64:${prefix}/ippcp/2021.9/lib/intel64:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/lib/intel64:${prefix}/dnnl/2024.0/cpu_dpcpp_gpu_dpcpp/lib:${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/gdb/intel64/lib:${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/libipt/intel64/lib:${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/dep/lib:${prefix}/cdal/2024.0/lib/intel64:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/x64:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/oclfpga/host/linux64/lib:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/compiler/lib/intel64_lin:${prefix}/ccl/2021.11/lib/cpu_gpu_dpcpp:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/compiler/lib/intel64_lin:${prefix}/ccl/2021.11/lib/cpu_gpu_dpcpp
#prepend-path LD_LIBRARY_PATH ${prefix}/tbb/2021.11/env/../lib/intel64/gcc4.8:${prefix}/mkl/2024.0/lib/intel64:${prefix}/itac/2022.0/slib:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/lib/intel64:${prefix}/ippcp/2021.9/lib/intel64:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/lib/intel64:${prefix}/dnnl/2024.0/cpu_dpcpp_gpu_dpcpp/lib:${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/gdb/intel64/lib:${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/libipt/intel64/lib:${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/dep/lib:${prefix}/cdal/2024.0/lib/intel64:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/x64:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/oclfpga/host/linux64/lib:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/compiler/lib/intel64_lin:${prefix}/ccl/2021.11/lib/cpu_gpu_dpcpp:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/compiler/lib/intel64_lin:${prefix}/ccl/2021.11/lib/cpu_gpu_dpcpp
prepend-path VT_LIB_DIR ${prefix}/itac/2022.0/lib
prepend-path VTUNE_PROFILER_DIR ${prefix}/vtune/2024.0
prepend-path VT_SLIB_DIR ${prefix}/itac/2022.0/slib
prepend-path MKLROOT ${prefix}/mkl/2024.0
prepend-path DAL_MINOR_BINARY 1
prepend-path NLSPATH ${prefix}/mkl/2024.0/lib/intel64/locale/%l_%t/%N:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/compiler/lib/intel64_lin/locale/%l_%t/%N
prepend-path PATH ${prefix}/vtune/2024.0/bin64:${prefix}/mpi/2021.11//libfabric/bin:${prefix}/mpi/2021.11//bin:${prefix}/mkl/2024.0/bin/intel64:${prefix}/itac/2022.0/bin:${prefix}/inspector/2024.0/bin64:${prefix}/dpcpp-ct/2024.0/bin:${prefix}/dev-utilities/2024.0/bin:${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/gdb/intel64/bin:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/oclfpga/bin:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/bin/intel64:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/bin:${prefix}/advisor/2024.0/bin64
#prepend-path PATH ${prefix}/vtune/2024.0/bin64:${prefix}/mkl/2024.0/bin/intel64:${prefix}/itac/2022.0/bin:${prefix}/inspector/2024.0/bin64:${prefix}/dpcpp-ct/2024.0/bin:${prefix}/dev-utilities/2024.0/bin:${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/gdb/intel64/bin:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/oclfpga/bin:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/bin/intel64:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/bin:${prefix}/advisor/2024.0/bin64
prepend-path INTEL_PYTHONHOME ${prefix}/debugger/2024.0/dep
prepend-path INTEL_LICENSE_FILE /opt/intel/licenses:/root/intel/licenses
prepend-path CPATH ${prefix}/tbb/2021.11/env/../include:${prefix}/mpi/2021.11//include:${prefix}/mkl/2024.0/include:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/include:${prefix}/ippcp/2021.9/include:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/include:${prefix}/dpl/2022.3/linux/include:${prefix}/dpcpp-ct/2024.0/include:${prefix}/dnnl/2024.0/cpu_dpcpp_gpu_dpcpp/include:${prefix}/dev-utilities/2024.0/include:${prefix}/cdal/2024.0/include:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/oclfpga/include:${prefix}/ccl/2021.11/include/cpu_gpu_dpcpp
#prepend-path CPATH ${prefix}/tbb/2021.11/env/../include:${prefix}/mkl/2024.0/include:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/include:${prefix}/ippcp/2021.9/include:${prefix}/ipp/2021.10/include:${prefix}/dpl/2022.3/linux/include:${prefix}/dpcpp-ct/2024.0/include:${prefix}/dnnl/2024.0/cpu_dpcpp_gpu_dpcpp/include:${prefix}/dev-utilities/2024.0/include:${prefix}/cdal/2024.0/include:${prefix}/compiler/2024.0/lib/oclfpga/include:${prefix}/ccl/2021.11/include/cpu_gpu_dpcpp
# 运行测试
通过 module load 命令加载环境变量
$ module load intel/oneapi2024.0
测试是否安装成功
$ icx -v
如果输出版本信息，则安装成功。
Intel(R) oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler 2024.0.2 (2024.0.2.20231213)
Target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /opt/software/intel/oneapi2024.0/compiler/2024.0/bin/compiler
Configuration file: /opt/software/intel/oneapi2024.0/compiler/2024.0/bin/compiler/../icx.cfg
Found candidate GCC installation: /opt/rh/devtoolset-11/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/11
Selected GCC installation: /opt/rh/devtoolset-11/root/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/11
Candidate multilib: .;@m64
Candidate multilib: 32;@m32
Selected multilib: .;@m64
继续测试 MPI
$ mpirun --version
如果输出版本信息，则安装成功。
Intel(R) MPI Library for Linux* OS, Version 2021.11 Build 20231005 (id: 74c4a23)
Copyright 2003-2023, Intel Corporation.
# icx 说明
Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ Compiler (icx) is Intel nextgen compiler based on Clang /LLVM technology plus Intel proprietary optimizations and code generation.
― Intel®, Intel® C/C++ Compilers Complete Adoption of LLVM
icx 是基于 Clang /LLVM 技术的 Intel 下一代编译器，加上 Intel 专有的优化和代码生成。
LLVM 帮助实现了为英特尔架构提供更加优秀的 C/C++编译器这一目标。最新的英特尔 C/C++编译器使用 LLVM 架构，可提供更快的编译时间、更好的优化、增强的标准支持以及对 GPU 和 FPGA 负载转移（offloading）的支持。
# 采用 LLVM 的好处
LLVM 开源项目是模块化和可重用的编译器和一系列工具链技术的集合，整个项目支持多种处理器架构和编程语言。Clang 开源项目提供了一个 C/C++前端，为 LLVM 项目支持了最新的语言标准。包括 Clang 在内，LLVM 是由一个庞大且非常活跃的开发社区维护的。
采用 LLVM 的好处有很多，第一条要说的是更快的构建时间。众所周知，Clang 是很快的！我们使用英特尔 oneAPI 2021.3 工具包中的英特尔 C/C++编译器时，测得构建时间减少了 14％。除了减少构建时间外，采用 Clang 使我们可以从社区支持最新 C++语言标准的一系列成果中受益，并贡献成果来反哺社区。
英特尔为开源项目提供贡献和支持的历史颇为悠久，其中向 LLVM 做出贡献就有十年时间了。我们今天的主动合作行为包括了优化报告补充、扩大的浮点模型支持，以及向量增强。英特尔直接对 LLVM 项目做出贡献，也有一个临时区域（英特尔 LLVM 技术项目），针对 SYCL 支持。
在英特尔架构上，英特尔 C/C++编译器预期能提供比基础 Clang+LLVM 编译器更高的性能。接下来英特尔 C/C++编译器都会是采用了 LLVM 开源基础架构的版本（icx）。我们会继续之前的长期努力，持续为 Clang 和 LLVM 项目做出贡献，包括为它们提供优化。并非所有的优化技术都会被上游采纳，有时是因为它们太新了，有时因为它们过于针对英特尔架构。这是可以预料的，并且与其他已经采用 LLVM 的编译器是同样的情况。
英特尔 C/C++编译器一直都在提供最优秀的性能。经典版本的英特尔 C/C++编译器取得了对 GCC 18％的优势，而基于 LLVM 的英特尔 C/C++编译器取得了 41％的优势。