Setting Up the Xuantie 900 Series Toolchain and xuantie-qemu Environment

1. Build the platform

Linux distribution: CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
Kernel version: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64

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$ cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

$ uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64

2. Set up the XuanTie 900 series toolchain environment

1. Download Xuantie 900 series toolchain

First, we need to download the Xuantie GNU toolchain for the RISC-V architecture. Go to the Xuantie official website to get the latest version of the precompiled package and install it according to your operating system. On Linux systems, it is usually sufficient to add the bin path to the $PATH environment variable after extraction.

The toolchain installation package is divided into different versions due to the differences between the execution platform and the target program platform. For example, Xuantie--elf--x86_64-V*-.tar.gz is a RISC-V bare program toolchain suite for the 64-bit Linux platform. The specific classifications are as follows:

According to the execution platform
x86_64: 64-bit Linux platform
i386: 32-bit Linux platform
- mingw: Windows Mingw platform
According to the target program platform
elf: Bare program compilation suite
linux: linux application compilation suite

Here we download the latest version 2.8.1 of the Linux application compilation suite for the 64-bit Linux platform, namely Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64.

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wget https://occ-oss-prod.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/resource//1705395627867/Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64-V2.8.1-20240115.tar.gz
tar -xzvf Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64-V2.8.1-20240115.tar.gz
sudo mv Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64-V2.8.1-20240115 /opt
export PATH=/opt/Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64-V2.8.1-20240115/bin:$PATH

2. Verify toolchain installation

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$ riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/opt/Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64-V2.8.0/bin/../libexec/gcc/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu/10.4.0/lto-wrapper
Target: riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configured with: /mnt/ssd/jenkins_iotsw/slave/workspace/Toolchain/build-gnu-riscv_4/./source/riscv/riscv-gcc/configure --target=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu --with-gmp=/mnt/ssd/jenkins_iotsw/slave/workspace/Toolchain/build-gnu-riscv_4/build-gcc-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu/build-Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64-V2.8.0/lib-for-gcc-x86_64-linux --with-mpfr=/mnt/ssd/jenkins_iotsw/slave/workspace/Toolchain/build-gnu-riscv_4/build-gcc-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu/build-Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64-V2.8.0/lib-for-gcc-x86_64-linux --with-mpc=/mnt/ssd/jenkins_iotsw/slave/workspace/Toolchain/build-gnu-riscv_4/build-gcc-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu/build-Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64-V2.8.0/lib-for-gcc-x86_64-linux --with-libexpat-prefix=/mnt/ssd/jenkins_iotsw/slave/workspace/Toolchain/build-gnu-riscv_4/build-gcc-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu/build-Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64-V2.8.0/lib-for-gcc-x86_64-linux --with-libmpfr-prefix=/mnt/ssd/jenkins_iotsw/slave/workspace/Toolchain/build-gnu-riscv_4/build-gcc-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu/build-Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64-V2.8.0/lib-for-gcc-x86_64-linux --with-pkgversion='Xuantie-900 linux-5.10.4 glibc gcc Toolchain V2.8.0 B-20231018' CXXFLAGS='-g -O2 -DTHEAD_VERSION_NUMBER=2.8.0 ' --prefix=/mnt/ssd/jenkins_iotsw/slave/workspace/Toolchain/build-gnu-riscv_4/build-gcc-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu/Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64-V2.8.0 --with-sysroot=/mnt/ssd/jenkins_iotsw/slave/workspace/Toolchain/build-gnu-riscv_4/build-gcc-riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu/Xuantie-900-gcc-linux-5.10.4-glibc-x86_64-V2.8.0/sysroot --with-system-zlib --enable-shared --enable-tls --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran --disable-libmudflap --disable-libssp --disable-libquadmath --enable-libsanitizer --disable-nls --disable-bootstrap --src=/mnt/ssd/jenkins_iotsw/slave/workspace/Toolchain/build-gnu-riscv_4/./source/riscv/riscv-gcc --enable-multilib --with-abi=lp64d --with-arch=rv64gc_zfh_xtheadc 'CFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=-O2   -mcmodel=medany' 'CXXFLAGS_FOR_TARGET=-O2   -mcmodel=medany'
Thread model: posix
Supported LTO compression algorithms: zlib
gcc version 10.4.0 (Xuantie-900 linux-5.10.4 glibc gcc Toolchain V2.8.0 B-20231018)

You can see the output of the gcc version information, indicating that the toolchain was installed successfully.

3. Set up the xuantie-qemu environment

1. Prerequisites

Before installing xuantie-qemu, you need to ensure that the system contains the following tools or libraries.

gcc compiler
automake
autoconf
libtool
glib2 library
Others…..

Install the above tools or libraries using the following command.

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sudo yum update -y
sudo yum install -y autoconf automake libtool make gcc gcc-c++ gawk bison flex texinfo gperf patchutils bc \
                 zlib-devel mpfr-devel gmp-devel curl-devel expat-devel git \
                 glib2-devel libfdt-devel pixman-devel ncurses-devel ncurses-compat-libs

If it is an Ubuntu/Debian system, you can use the following command to install.

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y autoconf automake autotools-dev curl libmpc-dev libmpfr-dev libgmp-dev \
                 gawk build-essential bison flex texinfo gperf libtool patchutils bc \
                 zlib1g-dev libexpat-dev git \
                 libglib2.0-dev libfdt-dev libpixman-1-dev \
                 libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev

2. Download and install xuantie-qemu

Visit the Xuantie QEMU official repository to obtain the xuantie-qemu source code suitable for the Xuantie 900 series chips, and then follow the usual steps to compile and install:

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git clone https://github.com/T-head-Semi/qemu.git
git checkout xuantie-qemu-6.1.0

3. Compile and install xuantie-qemu

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cd qemu
mkdir build
cd build
../configure --target-list=riscv64-softmmu,riscv64-linux-user --prefix=/opt/qemu/6.1.0-xuantie
make -j $(nproc)
sudo make install

export PATH=/opt/qemu/6.1.0-xuantie/bin:$PATH

4. Verify xuantie-qemu installation

After the installation is complete, if you can view the specific version of qemu by executing the following command, it means the installation was successful.

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$ qemu-riscv64 --version
qemu-riscv64 version 6.0.94 (v6.1.0-12-g03813c9)
Copyright (c) 2003-2021 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

Write a C language program as follows:

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    printf("Hello RISC-V \n");
    return 0;
}

Compile the program using the Xuantie 900 series toolchain and run the program using xuantie-qemu in user mode.

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$ riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc -static -o hello hello.c
$ qemu-riscv64 ./hello
Hello RISC-V

Write another C language program with RVV vectorization, as follows:

RVV Vectorization of C Language Program

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#include <riscv_vector.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#define N 15

float vsum(float* v, int n) {
    vfloat32m1_t vs, vv, vtmp;
    float s = 0.0;
    int i;
    int vlmax;

    vlmax = vsetvlmax_e32m1();

    printf("vlmax:%d\n", vlmax);

    vs = vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0, vlmax);

    vtmp = vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0, vlmax);

    for (i = 0; i < n - vlmax; i += vlmax) {
        vv = vle32_v_f32m1(&v[i], vlmax);
        vtmp = vfadd_vv_f32m1(vtmp, vv, vlmax);
    }

    vs = vfredusum_vs_f32m1_f32m1(vs, vtmp, vs, vlmax);

    s = vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(vs);

    for (; i < n; i++) {
        s += v[i];
    }
    return s;
}

float vsum1(float* v, int n) {
    vfloat32m1_t vs, vv;
    float s;
    int i;
    int vl, vlmax;

    vlmax = vsetvlmax_e32m1();
    vs = vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0, vlmax);

    for (i = 0; n > 0; i += vl, n -= vl) {
        vl = vsetvl_e32m1(n);
        printf("vl:%d\n", vl);
        vv = vle32_v_f32m1(&v[i], vl);

        vs = vfredusum_vs_f32m1_f32m1(vs, vv, vs, vl);
    }

    s = vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(vs);

    return s;
}

float vsum2(float* v, int n) {
    vfloat32m2_t vv;
    vfloat32m1_t vs;
    float s;
    int i;
    int vl, vlmax;

    vlmax = vsetvlmax_e32m1();

    vs = vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0, vlmax);

    for (i = 0; n > 0; i += vl, n -= vl) {
        vl = vsetvl_e32m2(n);
        printf("vl:%d\n", vl);
        vv = vle32_v_f32m2(&v[i], vl);

        vs = vfredusum_vs_f32m2_f32m1(vs, vv, vs, vl);
    }

    s = vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(vs);

    return s;
}

int main() {
    int i;
    float v[N], sum = 0.0;

    printf("Hello RISC-V!\n");

    for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        v[i] = i;
    }

    sum = vsum(v, N);

    printf("%f\n", sum);

    return 0;
}

Compile and run the program (at this time you need to specify -cpu, otherwise it will report an illegal instruction exception, i.e., Illegal instruction (core dumped)):

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$ riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc -static -O3 -march=rv64imafdcv0p7_zfh_xtheadc -o test_vec test_vec.c
$ qemu-riscv64 -cpu c920 ./test_vec
Hello RISC-V!
vlmax:4
105.000000

4. Running RISC-V 64-bit Linux System on QEMU

1. Make kernel

1.1 Download the kernel source code

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$ wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.10.42.tar.gz
$ tar -xzvf linux-5.10.42.tar.gz

After downloading, enter the kernel source directory

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$ cd linux-5.10.42

1.2 Configure and Compile the Kernel

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$ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- defconfig
$ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- -j $(nproc)
...
  AR      drivers/built-in.a
  GEN     .version
  CHK     include/generated/compile.h
  LD      vmlinux.o
  MODPOST vmlinux.symvers
  MODINFO modules.builtin.modinfo
  GEN     modules.builtin
  LD      .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms1
  KSYMS   .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms1.S
  AS      .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms1.S
  LD      .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms2
  KSYMS   .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms2.S
  AS      .tmp_vmlinux.kallsyms2.S
  LD      vmlinux
  SYSMAP  System.map
  MODPOST modules-only.symvers
  GEN     Module.symvers
  CC [M]  fs/efivarfs/efivarfs.mod.o
  OBJCOPY arch/riscv/boot/Image
  GZIP    arch/riscv/boot/Image.gz
  LD [M]  fs/efivarfs/efivarfs.ko
  Kernel: arch/riscv/boot/Image.gz is ready

2. Create rootfs

2.1 Download busybox source code

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$ wget https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.33.1.tar.bz2

After downloading, enter the busybox source code directory

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cd busybox-1.33.1

2.2 Configure busybox

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$ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- defconfig
$ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- menuconfig

After opening the configuration menu, go to the first line “Settings”, in the “Build Options” section, select “Build static binary (no shared libs)”, then exit and save the configuration.

Check if CONFIG_STATIC=y is in the .config file, if not, add it manually.

2.3 Compile and Install busybox

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$ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- -j $(nproc)
$ make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- install

At this point, a new _install directory will appear under the source directory busyboxsource, where you can see the generated items.

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$ ls _install
bin  linuxrc  sbin  usr

Enter the _install directory and create the following directories

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$ cd _install
$ mkdir proc sys dev etc etc/init.d
$ ls
bin  dev  etc  linuxrc  proc  sbin  sys  usr

Then create another simplest init RC file:

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$ cd etc/init.d/
$ touch rcS
$ vim rcS

Edit the file content to:

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#!/bin/sh
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys
/sbin/mdev -s

Then modify the rcS file permissions to add executable permissions.

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$ chmod +x rcS

2.4 Create File System

Continue executing the following command in the _install directory:

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$ find -print0 | cpio -0oH newc | gzip -9 > ../rootfs.img
3276 blocks

3. Start running

Create a new directory and move the compiled kernel Image and the prepared rootfs.img to that directory.

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$ mkdir riscv64-linux
$ cd riscv64-linux
$ cp ../linux-5.10.42/arch/riscv/boot/Image .
$ cp ../busybox-1.33.1/rootfs.img .

Execute the following command:

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$ qemu-system-riscv64 \
-nographic -machine virt \
-kernel Image \
-initrd rootfs.img \
-append "root=/dev/ram rdinit=/sbin/init"

Show the Linux Kernel boot process:

Click to expand

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OpenSBI v0.9
   ____                    _____ ____ _____
  / __ \                  / ____|  _ \_   _|
 | |  | |_ __   ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || |
 | |  | | '_ \ / _ \ '_ \ \___ \|  _ < | |
 | |__| | |_) |  __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_
  \____/| .__/ \___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____|
        | |
        |_|

Platform Name             : riscv-virtio,qemu
Platform Features         : timer,mfdeleg
Platform HART Count       : 1
Firmware Base             : 0x80000000
Firmware Size             : 100 KB
Runtime SBI Version       : 0.2

Domain0 Name              : root
Domain0 Boot HART         : 0
Domain0 HARTs             : 0*
Domain0 Region00          : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008001ffff ()
Domain0 Region01          : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff (R,W,X)
Domain0 Next Address      : 0x0000000080200000
Domain0 Next Arg1         : 0x0000000087000000
Domain0 Next Mode         : S-mode
Domain0 SysReset          : yes

Boot HART ID              : 0
Boot HART Domain          : root
Boot HART ISA             : rv64imafdcvsu
Boot HART Features        : scounteren,mcounteren,time
Boot HART PMP Count       : 16
Boot HART PMP Granularity : 4
Boot HART PMP Address Bits: 54
Boot HART MHPM Count      : 0
Boot HART MHPM Count      : 0
Boot HART MIDELEG         : 0x0000000000000222
Boot HART MEDELEG         : 0x000000000000b109
[    0.000000] Linux version 5.10.42 (root@centos) (riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc (Xuantie-900 linux-5.10.4 glibc gcc Toolchain V2.8.0 B-20231018) 10.4.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.35) #1 SMP Wed Feb 21 02:07:46 CST 2024
[    0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x80000000 - 0x80200000
[    0.000000] efi: UEFI not found.
[    0.000000] Initial ramdisk at: 0x(____ptrval____) (1085440 bytes)
[    0.000000] Zone ranges:
[    0.000000]   DMA32    [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x0000000087ffffff]
[    0.000000]   Normal   empty
[    0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[    0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[    0.000000]   node   0: [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x0000000087ffffff]
[    0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x0000000087ffffff]
[    0.000000] software IO TLB: Cannot allocate buffer
[    0.000000] SBI specification v0.2 detected
[    0.000000] SBI implementation ID=0x1 Version=0x9
[    0.000000] SBI v0.2 TIME extension detected
[    0.000000] SBI v0.2 IPI extension detected
[    0.000000] SBI v0.2 RFENCE extension detected
[    0.000000] SBI v0.2 HSM extension detected
[    0.000000] riscv: ISA extensions acdfimsuv
[    0.000000] riscv: ELF capabilities acdfim
[    0.000000] percpu: Embedded 17 pages/cpu s32360 r8192 d29080 u69632
[    0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 31815
[    0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/ram rdinit=/sbin/init
[    0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[    0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[    0.000000] Sorting __ex_table...
[    0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[    0.000000] Memory: 108240K/129024K available (7084K kernel code, 3993K rwdata, 4096K rodata, 223K init, 342K bss, 20784K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[    0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:
[    0.000000]       fixmap : 0xffffffcefee00000 - 0xffffffceff000000   (2048 kB)
[    0.000000]       pci io : 0xffffffceff000000 - 0xffffffcf00000000   (  16 MB)
[    0.000000]      vmemmap : 0xffffffcf00000000 - 0xffffffcfffffffff   (4095 MB)
[    0.000000]      vmalloc : 0xffffffd000000000 - 0xffffffdfffffffff   (65535 MB)
[    0.000000]       lowmem : 0xffffffe000000000 - 0xffffffe007e00000   ( 126 MB)
[    0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[    0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[    0.000000] rcu:     RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=1.
[    0.000000] rcu:     RCU debug extended QS entry/exit.
[    0.000000]  Tracing variant of Tasks RCU enabled.
[    0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies.
[    0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1
[    0.000000] NR_IRQS: 64, nr_irqs: 64, preallocated irqs: 0
[    0.000000] riscv-intc: 64 local interrupts mapped
[    0.000000] plic: plic@c000000: mapped 53 interrupts with 1 handlers for 2 contexts.
[    0.000000] random: get_random_bytes called from start_kernel+0x31a/0x48c with crng_init=0
[    0.000000] riscv_timer_init_dt: Registering clocksource cpuid [0] hartid [0]
[    0.000000] clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x24e6a1710, max_idle_ns: 440795202120 ns
[    0.000150] sched_clock: 64 bits at 10MHz, resolution 100ns, wraps every 4398046511100ns
[    0.003557] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
[    0.008887] printk: console [tty0] enabled
[    0.012368] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 20.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=40000)
[    0.012666] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[    0.014227] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.014306] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[    0.040922] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[    0.042741] EFI services will not be available.
[    0.044926] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[    0.045062] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
[    0.054128] devtmpfs: initialized
[    0.061463] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
[    0.061753] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.067460] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[    0.131233] vgaarb: loaded
[    0.132530] SCSI subsystem initialized
[    0.134485] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[    0.134834] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[    0.135035] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[    0.150024] clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
[    0.167109] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[    0.168330] IP idents hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[    0.172076] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 128 (order: 0, 5120 bytes, linear)
[    0.172242] TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[    0.172480] TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[    0.172690] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
[    0.173861] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 24576 bytes, linear)
[    0.174481] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 24576 bytes, linear)
[    0.175963] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[    0.179024] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[    0.179111] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[    0.179150] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[    0.179186] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[    0.179332] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64
[    0.182716] Unpacking initramfs...
[    0.263706] Freeing initrd memory: 1056K
[    0.265678] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=15 bucket_order=0
[    0.281052] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[    0.282003] Key type id_resolver registered
[    0.282074] Key type id_legacy registered
[    0.282505] nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering...
[    0.282631] nfs4flexfilelayout_init: NFSv4 Flexfile Layout Driver Registering...
[    0.283481] 9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
[    0.284918] NET: Registered protocol family 38
[    0.285416] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 251)
[    0.285593] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[    0.285692] io scheduler kyber registered
[    0.295484] pci-host-generic 30000000.pci: host bridge /soc/pci@30000000 ranges:
[    0.296336] pci-host-generic 30000000.pci:       IO 0x0003000000..0x000300ffff -> 0x0000000000
[    0.296861] pci-host-generic 30000000.pci:      MEM 0x0040000000..0x007fffffff -> 0x0040000000
[    0.296961] pci-host-generic 30000000.pci:      MEM 0x0400000000..0x07ffffffff -> 0x0400000000
[    0.299940] pci-host-generic 30000000.pci: ECAM at [mem 0x30000000-0x3fffffff] for [bus 00-ff]
[    0.301083] pci-host-generic 30000000.pci: PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
[    0.301328] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff]
[    0.301486] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io  0x0000-0xffff]
[    0.301528] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x40000000-0x7fffffff]
[    0.301568] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x400000000-0x7ffffffff]
[    0.302864] pci 0000:00:00.0: [1b36:0008] type 00 class 0x060000
[    0.377412] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[    0.389894] 10000000.uart: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x10000000 (irq = 2, base_baud = 230400) is a 16550A
[    0.428017] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
[    0.430410] [drm] radeon kernel modesetting enabled.
[    0.457312] loop: module loaded
[    0.460726] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
[    0.464996] e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver
[    0.465383] e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2015 Intel Corporation.
[    0.466272] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[    0.466724] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver
[    0.467203] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver
[    0.467683] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
[    0.468129] ohci-pci: OHCI PCI platform driver
[    0.468593] ohci-platform: OHCI generic platform driver
[    0.469968] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
[    0.470477] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[    0.471603] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[    0.475055] goldfish_rtc 101000.rtc: registered as rtc0
[    0.476070] goldfish_rtc 101000.rtc: setting system clock to 2024-02-20T19:37:51 UTC (1708457871)
[    0.478889] syscon-poweroff soc:poweroff: pm_power_off already claimed (____ptrval____) sbi_shutdown
[    0.479494] syscon-poweroff: probe of soc:poweroff failed with error -16
[    0.480977] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[    0.481324] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[    0.483516] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[    0.491589] Segment Routing with IPv6
[    0.492256] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
[    0.495528] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[    0.497086] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
[    0.497667] Key type dns_resolver registered
[    0.498706] debug_vm_pgtable: [debug_vm_pgtable         ]: Validating architecture page table helpers
[    0.533266] Freeing unused kernel memory: 220K
[    0.539682] Run /sbin/init as init process

Please press Enter to activate this console.

After seeing the prompt "Please press Enter to activate this console.", just press Enter to enter the system without a password.

Execute several common commands to test, all can work normally:

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/ # ls
bin      etc      proc     sbin     usr
dev      linuxrc  root     sys
/ # pwd
/
/ # cd bin
/bin #
/ # ls
arch           dumpkmap       kill           netstat        setarch
ash            echo           link           nice           setpriv
base32         ed             linux32        nuke           setserial
base64         egrep          linux64        pidof          sh
busybox        false          ln             ping           sleep
cat            fatattr        login          ping6          stat
chattr         fdflush        ls             pipe_progress  stty
chgrp          fgrep          lsattr         printenv       su
chmod          fsync          lzop           ps             sync
chown          getopt         makemime       pwd            tar
conspy         grep           mkdir          reformime      touch
cp             gunzip         mknod          resume         true
cpio           gzip           mktemp         rev            umount
cttyhack       hostname       more           rm             uname
date           hush           mount          rmdir          usleep
dd             ionice         mountpoint     rpm            vi
df             iostat         mpstat         run-parts      watch
dmesg          ipcalc         mt             scriptreplay   zcat
dnsdomainname  kbd_mode       mv             sed
/bin #

To exit QEMU, press Ctrl + A, release it, and then press the x key to exit QEMU.

If you want to transfer files into QEMU, you can use the mount method, as shown below:

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$ mkdir rootfs
$ sudo mount -o loop rootfs.img rootfs
$ cp [-r] [file] ./rootfs/
$ sudo umount rootfs

5. Summary

At this point, we have successfully set up the toolchain environment for the XuanTie 900 series and the xuantie-qemu simulation environment, which lays the foundation for subsequent development, compilation, linking, running, and debugging of RISC-V applications based on the XuanTie 900 series chips.